Common Data Types

Python has several built-in data types to represent different kinds of data. The main built-in types are:

Finally, note that although Python 2.x had both an int and long type, Python 3 combines the behavior of these two into a single int type.

You can determine the data type of any object using the type() function.

n1 = 4 #Integer literal
n2 = 1j #Complex literal
n3 = 2.32 #float literal
string_literal = "Nirmal" #string literal
true_literal = True #boolean literal
false_literal = False #boolean literal
value = None #None type literal

print(type(n1)) #<class 'int'>  
print(type(n2)) #<class 'float'>   
print(type(string_literal)) #<class 'str'>
print(type(true_literal)) #<class 'bool'>
print(type(false_literal)) #<class 'bool'>
print(type(value)) #<class 'NoneType'>

Exploring all datatypes

Int type

The most basic numerical type is the integer. Any number without a decimal point is an integer.
```
 a, b = 1,2 
 print(type(a)) # <class 'int'>
 print(a+b)# 3
 print(a-b)# -1
```

Float type

The float type in Python represents floating point numbers, which are numbers with decimal points. Floats are implemented as 64-bit double precision values. Python floats have a large range, from around 1e-308 to 1e308.

 a = 1.5 
 b = 2.5
 num3 = 1e6  # 1 million

 print(type(a))# <class 'float'>
 print(a + b) # Output =  4.0
 print(a - b)  # Output  = -1.0
 print(a * b)# Output =  3.75
 print(a / b)# Output =  0.6

Some math modules to manipulate float :

 from math import floor, ceil
 floor(1.8) # 1 
 ceil(1.2) # 2
 round(1.75) # 2

Complex type

Complex numbers are numbers with real and imaginary parts.

 complex_num = 1 + 2j
 print(complex_num.real, complex_num.imag) # Output = 1, 2

 #Some operations 
 a = 1 + 2j
 b = 3 + 4j

 print(a + b)  # (4+6j)
 print(a - b)# (-2-2j)

Booleans type

The Boolean type is a simple type with two possible values: True and False, and is returned by comparison operators.
```
 a, b = 4, 5 
 result = (a < b)
 print(result) #True
```
Booleans can also be constructed using the bool() object constructor.

For example, any numeric type is False if equal to zero, and True otherwise.
```
 print(bool(2012)) #True
 print(bool(1)) # True
 print(bool(0))# False
```
Similarly, The Boolean conversion of None is always False and for strings, bool(s) is False for empty strings and True otherwise
```
 print(bool(None)) #False(Always False for None)
 print(bool(""))# For empty string it is False
 print(bool("Nirmal")) #True
```

String Type

Strings are sequences of characters, represented using either single or double quotes.

  name = "nirmalpandey"#assigning string to variable name
  print(name) # output = nirmalpandey

Strings are immutable, meaning once created they cannot be changed, only replaced with a new string.

  message = "Bitsnotion"
  message[0] = 'b' 
  print(message) # This will raise a TypeError

None Type

None is returned when a function does not explicitly return a value.

 x = None
 if x is None:
     print("Empty value")
 else:
     print("Available")

 #Output : Empty value

Common Data Types

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