In Python, a string is a sequence of characters that can be manipulated using various functions and methods.

Some of the main ways to manipulate strings are

• Slicing: Extracting a substring from a larger string by specifying a range of indices. Basic syntax is : str[start:end:step]

    string = "Hello"
    string[1:4]  # "ell"
    #starting from position 1 to 
    string[:4]   # "Hell"
    string[2:]   # "llo" 
    string[:]    # "Hello"
  
    '''You can use negative indices to slice from the end, and specify 
    a step to slice with a stride'''
  
    string = "Hello"
    string[-4:-1] # "ell"
    string[::-1]  # "olleH"
    string[::2]   # "Hlo"
  

• String methods: Useful functions to manipulate strings(lower(),upper(), split(), join(), replace(), find() )

    string = 'Learn Python'
    string.lower()  # returns 'learn python'
    string.upper()  # returns 'LEARN PYTHON'
  
    #string to list
    string = 'Learn Python Programming'
    print(string.split(' ')) # output =  ['Learn', 'Python', 'Programming']
  
    #list to string
    parts = ['Learn', 'Python', 'Programming']
    string.join(parts) # output = 'Learn Python Programming'
  
    string = 'Learn Python Programming'
    string.replace('Python', 'Java') # output = 'Learn Java Programming'
  
    string = 'Bitsnotion'.find('s')
    print(abc)# output = 3
  

• String formatting: Integrate variables into strings.

  Python offers various methods for string formatting:

  • The f-strings (available in Python 3.6+)

  • The str.format() method

  • The % operator (deprecated in Python 3)

    name = "Nirmal"
    age = 23

    print(f"Hello, my name is {name} and I'm {age} years old.")
    print("Hello, my name is {} and I'm {} years old.".format(name, age))

    # BOth output =  "Hello, my name is Nirmal and I'm 23 years old."

• String concatenation: Combine multiple strings using the + operator or .join() method.

    string1 = "Hello"  
    string2 = "World!"
  
    #method -1
    print(string1 + string2) ## output = Hello World!
    #method-2
    string1 += string2
    print(string1)  # output = Hello World!
    #method-3
    print("".join([string1, string2])) # HelloWorld!